Tumor lysis syndrome

Tumor lysis syndrome

Presents with hyperuricemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and hyperkalemia following initiation of cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Diagnosis:-
1. Serum electrolytes abnormalities (e.g. hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and hyperkalemia)
2. Elevated serum uric acid levels.
3. Deranged RFT.
4. ECG shows cardiac arrhythmias.

Management:-
1. Intravenous fluids and correction of electrolytes abnormalities.
2. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (e.g. allopurinol, febuxostat).
3. Urate oxidase (e.g. pegloticase, rasburicase) converts urate into allantoin.

Complications are acute kidney injury and cardiac arrhythmias.