Mitral valve prolapse

Mitral valve prolapse

 

Etiologies:-
1. Idiopathic thickening of mitral valves (i.e. myxomatous degeneration).
2. Connective tissue disorders (e.g. Ehlers Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome).
3. Disruptions in the papillary muscles or chordae tendineae.

 
Presents with anxiety, chest pain, and palpitation. On auscultation mid-systolic click is
followed by a late systolic murmur is heard at apex (murmur increases with standing,
decreases with passive leg raise and increases with handgrip).

Diagnosis:-
1. ECG shows non-specific ST-T changes.
2. Echocardiography shows mitral leaflets > 2mm prolapse during systole with or without mitral regurgitation and normal EF, normal atrial and left ventricular morphology.

Management:-
1. Lifestyle modification (e.g. exercise, proper sleep hygiene, less caffeine and alcohol intake).
2. Beta blockers (e.g. propranolol) for anxiety, chest pain, and palpitation.